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Tuesday, 10 November 2009

  • 於英文教學中妙用中文

     

    2009-11-11

    現行的英文科政策,要求英文科老師整堂用英文來教授,提供學生沉浸英文的最佳環境,同時不贊成使用中文,認為這樣會妨礙學生學習英文。因此,如果英文老師在教書時使用中文,通常會倍受批評。可是,我們進行英文科課堂學習研究時卻發現,教授英文時如能根據學生需要適當使用一些中文,當可事半功倍。

    用中文助理解生字

    有些英文生字的意思對初學者來說比較抽象,難以用實物來示意,如用英文解釋,也較難會意。例如,小學生要學naughty(調皮的)這個字,老師多數會用英文舉一些例子讓學生理解,而不會提供中文解釋,好像Mary is very naughty. She often makes noises in class.(中文意思為「瑪麗很調皮。她上課時經常大聲喧鬧。」)、Peter is also very naughty. He often kicks his cat.(中文意思為「彼特也很調皮。他經常踢他的貓。」)等等。老師以為這樣學生便可猜出naughty的意思,其實不然,當我們問學生naughty的意思時,許多學生把naughty理解成「很吵耳」、「大聲」又或「很惡」。其實,老師教該字時,如能標註其中文解釋(並不需要說中文),學生便不會聽了那麼多例子還是一知半解。

    中英文各有許多不同的習慣用法,舉例說,中文的否定句大多數在肯定句加上否定詞(不)便可,如「我不喜歡狗」,但英文經常要使用動態助詞(如do)加上否定詞(not),如I do not like dogs.如果學生沒留意兩者的分別,便通常會把中文寫作的習慣帶到英文上,寫成I not like dogs.如果老師在教學時,讓學生比較中英文作句的不同之處,他們將更能清楚區分兩種語言,英文也自然掌握得更好。

    學會聯繫上文下理

    中文和英文雖屬不同語系,但在使用技巧上也有共通的地方,好像閱讀文章時,兩者都需聯繫上文下理(context)來理解文章主旨。「上文下理」這個概念和技巧,學生在小學中文科早已學過,而其英文版context則通常在初中英文課才會接觸,雖然老師用英文解釋context為the meaning of the passage(文章的意思),在引導學生閱讀時也多次提到,但課後仍有學生不知道context的涵義,更沒意識到閱讀英文作品也要聯繫上文下理。其實,老師只要附上中文解釋,便不用大費周折教這個概念,學生已可立刻聯繫中文科的已有知識,而不會分開來記這些共通的技巧。

    上述可見,懂中文的英文老師其實有很大優勢,他們既了解香港學生母語的系統,又知道如何運用這系統,於是他們很容易便能知道學生在中文科的已有知識,並根據他們的需要,適時使用一些中文作輔助,幫助他們學得更快更好。當然,如果學生已能夠在全英文的環境學得得心應手,老師自然就不需用中文了。

    香港教育學院/ 章月鳳博士

    [source: http://www.takungpao.com/news/09/11/11/JX-1169973.htm ]

     

     

Thursday, 08 October 2009

  • 按程序處理 不等如縱容

    稱教師不理 伍少梅學生被毆報警

    連串風波 校長:按程序處理 不等如縱容

    【明報專訊】葵涌天主教慈幼會伍少梅中學風波不斷,繼前日學生索K暈倒被捕後,昨日再有學生不滿被嘲笑為「傻仔」,拳毆掌摑同學,被毆學生報稱向教師告發後不獲理會,遂自行報警。對於校內連串風波,校長虞歐坤回應說:「按程序處理學生事務,不等如縱容」,強調學生有過必罰。

    事發昨早10時許,一名中二插班生向姓劉(14歲)同學查問另一名姓黃(15歲)同學背景,劉指黃是「傻仔,唔使理佢」,黃聽到後不滿被嘲笑,涉嫌拳毆劉的胸口及掌摑他。

    被毆學生嘲同窗「傻仔」

    劉事後對記者說,被毆後曾告知教師,但對方「無反應」,遂於下午1時半自行報案。警方到場調查後以涉嫌毆打將黃拘捕,並安排劉送院。劉又說,有人常在校內「蝦蝦霸霸」,去年也曾被對方打傷頭。

    伍少梅中學校長虞歐坤形容連日兩宗風波是「個別及不幸事件」。虞指校方辦學理念來自宗教,強調理智及仁愛,希望以理性方法教育學生,「以個別事件評論校風並不公平」。虞說,學校有既定程序處理學生衝突,如有明顯傷勢,定會報警及召救護車,否則會先通知家長,再由家長決定是否報警,他說:「學生犯事校方必依程序處理,更不會隱瞞。學生打架一事,可能學生不知道教師已通知家長,才發生誤會。」


    [source: http://news.mingpao.com/20091008/gha1h.htm ]


    虞校長重申校方按程序處理學生事務,不等如縱容。雖然個別學生有不當行為,但外界不應以此標籤其他學生,校內不少學生在成績及課外活動方面均有突出表現。他又說,連串風波一定有損校譽,但「無辦法」,仍會以正面態度處理。

    反驗毒教師:重典適得其反

    該校輔導教師韓連山反對驗毒計劃,理由就是不欲破壞學校原有的互信及關愛氣氛。韓說,雖然校內風波迭起,但他認為校內不少學生來自問題家庭,實際需要的是關心與愛,以「重典」管教可能適得其反。韓贊同必須以明確態度賞罰學生,但必須在管與教之間取得平衡。

    有Band 3學校校長坦言,Band 3學校學生涉及毒品及打架問題並不是新聞。該校長表示學生成績差、自我形象低落,容易衍生各種行為問題,學校需要時間輔導。他說:「開學初期,學生未適應上學生活,行為問題尤其嚴重。」

    有天主教學校校長亦說,天主教辦學團體使命是有教無類,如明愛等集中照顧成績較差學生,多年來用盡辦法改善校風及打擊校園罪行,例如曾協助警方派底探員潛入校園查案。該校長說:「並非天主教學校校風差,而是教育對象是行為有偏差的學生。」

Wednesday, 15 April 2009

  • 陰虛火旺

    陰虛火旺

    教協保健中心 駐診中醫師 陳英鵬


    陰虛火旺是指臟腑陰分虧虛,失于滋養,虛熱內生的表現。心、肝、肺、脾、腎均可出現此種情況。臨床以腎陰虛較為常見,症狀包括潮熱盜汗、心煩、失眠,或男子早泄、遺精,女子經少或經閉,或骨蒸發熱、腰膝酸軟、耳鳴等。

    陰分的主要功能,除了滋養、濡養各臟腑組織外,還負責制約陽氣,以免陽氣外露。陽氣是以熱、動、升為特點,陰分則以寒、靜、降相對應。若陰分虧虛,無力制約陽氣,人體會出現陽氣偏盛的虛熱狀態,所謂「陰虛則生內熱」。《內經》:「年過四十,陰氣自半」,隨著年紀長大,或熱病之後,或房事不節等,均易耗損真陰。

    陰虛火旺無特定某一種疾病,相反常見於不同的疾病當中,如更年期綜合症、甲狀腺功能亢進、高血壓、糖尿病、中風後遺症、耳鳴及失眠等。患者一般以女性為多,因女性月事易耗損陰血。如女性更年期以潮熱、盜汗、心煩、失眠為主症,就有明顯的陰虛火旺症狀。

    有時在患病及治療過程中,會出現體質的轉變。數年前治療一位血癌患者,原本屬正氣不足的體質,經化療後出現晚上大汗出、自覺身熱、雙手心、足心熱、失眠等陽亢陰虛之症。

    男性患者出現陰虛火旺情況也是有的。去年一位韓籍男士,就因晚上汗出來求診。他與伴侶一同到來,細問之下,原來兩人剛新婚,房事過勞,一晚達五次之多。中醫「精」屬陰分又稱陰精,故耗損過多,立即出現陰虛火旺的症狀。既然病因清楚,治療也就明確,疏以六味地黃丸為主方,稍為加減,補其真陰,其次當然也囑咐減少房事。一星期後朋友告知患者盜汗已止了。

    六味地黃丸是滋陰補腎的名方,市面也容易買到中成藥,若合陰虛火旺証型的均可服用,但感冒期間不宜服用。除了服藥外,最好的育陰方法當然是健康的起居生活,因過度勞累、夜眠、思慮過多心力消耗都是損傷陰份的。可見《內經》:「不妄作勞」確是育陰養生的重點。

     

     

Monday, 06 April 2009

  • A Dog Named "Faith"

    A Dog Named “Faith”
     



    This is a story about a dog who was born on Christmas Eve  in 2002.  


     
    He was born with 3 legs - 2 healthy hind legs and 1  abnormal front leg which needed to be amputated.

     


     
    He of course could not walk when he was born. Even his  mother did not want him.

     


     
    He was rejected and scorned.



    His first owner also did not  think that he could survive. Therefore, he was thinking of putting him to  sleep..At that time, his present owner Jude Stringfellow came into his life  and wanted to take care of him. She was determined to teach and train this  dog to walk by himself. She thought, all we need is a little  faith.  

     


     
    Therefore she named him 'Faith.'

     


     


    In the beginning, she put Faith on a surf board to let him  feel the movements of the water. Later she used peanut butter on a spoon as  a lure and to reward him for standing up and jumping around. Even the other  dogs at home helped to encourage him to walk. Amazingly, after only 6  months, like a miracle, Faith learnedto balance on his 2 hind legs and  jumped to move forward. After further training in the snow, he can now walk  like a human being.



    Faith loves to walk around  now. No matter where he goes, he just attracts all the people around him. He  is now becoming famous on the international scene. He has appeared in  various newspapers and TV shows. There is even a book entitled 'With a  little faith' being published about him.



     
    He was even considered to appear in one of Harry Potter  movies.


    His present owner Jude  Stringfellow has given up her teaching job and plans to take him around the  world to preach the message that,   "Even without a perfect  body, one can have a perfect soul."

























     


     
    Believe in yourself.

     


     
    Never lose faith...

     

Friday, 13 February 2009

  • Boycott the Valentine's Day madness

    Extract from columnist MP Dunleavey.
    Full article at: http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/CollegeAndFamily/LoveAndMoney/boycott-the-valentines-day-madness.aspx?page=1

    Stop me if I sound stupid, but why are we spending one red cent on this so-called holiday -- especially right now? Believe me, there are better ways to share the love and smarter ways to spend your money.

    Materialism run amok

    I have nothing against romance, love, sex, frilly red hearts or an excuse to eat chocolate (although I hate the sugary candies with dopey slogans like "Be Mine").

    The problem is that Valentine's Day, like many other American occasions, has grown from being a celebration that once aspired to some meaning, to being a trashy, materialistic extravaganza.

    Think about how much pressure there is to participate:
    • Every schoolchild, practically, is expected to make or send cards to their classmates or bring treats to class.

    • Some single women feel so left out on Valentine's Day that they've been known to send flowers to themselves, so they won't look like losers.

    And don't assume couples are happier: For many, Valentine's Day is a yearly excuse to have a nasty fight, with partners feeling unloved . . . because they didn't get a stuffed bear or some candy. What?

    A recipe for success

    OK, OK. Smart as those ideas might be, they kind of miss the spirit of the day. Devoid of romance, you might say.

    I can't argue. So here is one steamy gift that your lover will never forget, and it will cost you only $2.99.

    Are you ready? No chickening out, now. You asked for romance, so

    I'm going to give it to you. AND I'm going to save you $99.51.

    So if I share, you have to promise to do it.

    Promise?

    OK, then.

    One cheap, sexy Valentine's Day gift for 2
    1. Buy a pint of whipping cream.

    2. Go home.

    3. Whip it up.

    4. What, you need further instructions???